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Research

Cleanhearing Sono technology is based on years of clinical research into the effects of pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on tinnitus and related conditions.

This large body of research shows that pulsed electromagnetic stimulation is significantly more effective in relieving tinnitus than sham treatments with no adverse events observed.  It also demonstrates PEMFs effectiveness for many conditions linked to tinnitus, such as chronic pain, depression and insomnia, and identifies underlying biological mechanisms of PEMF.

PEMFs positive effects have been observed at the very safe, weak magnetic field strengths applied by Cleanhearing Sono, as well as the stronger magnetic fields used in clinic-based applications such as rTMS.

Notched music, which you can access via the Cleanhearing app, is also shown by clinical trials to be beneficial and safe for a subset of tinnitus patients with a pure-tone tinnitus.

Electromagnetic Stimulation

Beck-Broichsitter BE, Lamia A, Geuna S, Fregnan F, Smeets R, Becker ST, Sinis N. Does pulsed magnetic field therapy influence nerve regeneration in the median nerve model of the rat? Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:401760. doi: 10.1155/2014/401760. Epub 2014 Jul 21. PMID: 25143937; PMCID: PMC4131097.

Cacace AT, Hu J, Romero S, Xuan Y, Burkard RF, Tyler RS. Glutamate is down-regulated and tinnitus loudness-levels decreased following rTMS over auditory cortex of the left hemisphere: A prospective randomized single-blinded sham-controlled cross-over study. Hear Res. 2018 Feb;358:59-73. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.10.017. Epub 2017 Nov 15. PMID: 29150051.

Folmer RL, Theodoroff SM, Casiana L, Shi Y, Griest S, Vachhani J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Aug;141(8):716-22. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.1219. PMID: 26181507.

Formánek M, Migaľová P, Krulová P, Bar M, Jančatová D, Zakopčanová-Srovnalová H, Tomášková H, Zeleník K, Komínek P. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic tinnitus. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2018 Jun 8;5(7):857-864. doi: 10.1002/acn3.587. PMID: 30009203; PMCID: PMC6043768.

Goodwin, T. (2003) Physiological and molecular effects of time-varying electromagnetic fields on human neuronal cells. Technical Paper: NASA /TP-2003-212054

Lee HY, Yoo SD, Ryu EW, Byun JY, Yeo SG, Park MS. Short term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with catastrophic intractable tinnitus: preliminary report. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Jun;6(2):63-7. doi: 10.3342/ceo.2013.6.2.63. Epub 2013 Jun 14. PMID: 23799161; PMCID: PMC3687063.

Li X, Xu H, Lei T, Yang Y, Jing D, Dai S, Luo P, Xu Q. A Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Protects against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Modulating the Endocannabinoid System in HT22 Cells. Front Neurosci. 2017 Feb 6;11:42. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00042. PMID: 28220060; PMCID: PMC5292622.

Lo YL, Cheong PW, Wong M, Fook-Chong S, Yuen HW, Chan YM. A comparison study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus treatment in an Asian population. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 Apr;119:96-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.01.012. Epub 2014 Jan 25. PMID: 24635935.

Olszewski J, Bielińska M, Kowalski AJ. Assessment of Subjective Tinnitus Treatment Results Using a Prototype Device for Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Ear-Preliminary Study. Life (Basel). 2022 Jun 19;12(6):918. doi: 10.3390/life12060918. PMID: 35743949; PMCID: PMC9225432.

Pelka RB, Jaenicke C, Gruenwald J. Impulse magnetic-field therapy for insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):174-80. doi: 10.1007/BF02850111. PMID: 11697020.

Piccirillo JF, Garcia KS, Nicklaus J, Pierce K, Burton H, Vlassenko AG, Mintun M, Duddy D, Kallogjeri D, Spitznagel EL Jr. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the temporoparietal junction for tinnitus. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Mar;137(3):221-8. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2011.3. PMID: 21422304; PMCID: PMC3140874.

Rikk J, Finn KJ, Liziczai I, Radák Z, Bori Z, Ihász F. Influence of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy on resting blood pressure in aging adults. Electromagn Biol Med. 2013 Jun;32(2):165-72. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2013.776420. PMID: 23675619.

Roland NJ, Hughes JB, Daley MB, Cook JA, Jones AS, McCormick MS. Electromagnetic stimulation as a treatment of tinnitus: a pilot study. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1993 Aug;18(4):278-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00847.x. PMID: 8877185.

Ross CL, Zhou Y, McCall CE, Soker S, Criswell TL. The Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field to Modulate Inflammation and Improve Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Bioelectricity. 2019 Dec 1;1(4):247-259. doi: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0026. Epub 2019 Dec 12. PMID: 34471827; PMCID: PMC8370292.

Rossi S, De Capua A, Ulivelli M, Bartalini S, Falzarano V, Filippone G, Passero S. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on chronic tinnitus: a randomised, crossover, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;78(8):857-63. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.105007. Epub 2007 Feb 21. PMID: 17314192; PMCID: PMC2117746.

Stewart GM, Wheatley-Guy CM, Johnson BD, Shen WK, Kim CH. Impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on vascular function and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2020 Jun;22(6):1083-1089. doi: 10.1111/jch.13877. Epub 2020 May 13. PMID: 32401418; PMCID: PMC8030044.

Shore SE, Roberts LE, Langguth B. Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus–triggers, mechanisms and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016 Mar;12(3):150-60. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12. Epub 2016 Feb 12. PMID: 26868680; PMCID: PMC4895692.

Tasbih-Forosh M, Zarei L, Saboory E, Bahrami-Bukani M. Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field with Predatory Stress on Functional and Histological Index of Injured-Sciatic Nerve in Rat. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2017 Apr;5(2):96-103. PMID: 28507996; PMCID: PMC5406179.

Thomas AW, Graham K, Prato FS, McKay J, Forster PM, Moulin DE, Chari S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a low-frequency magnetic field in the treatment of musculoskeletal chronic pain. Pain Res Manag. 2007 Winter;12(4):249-58. doi: 10.1155/2007/626072. PMID: 18080043; PMCID: PMC2670735.

van Belkum SM, Bosker FJ, Kortekaas R, Beersma DG, Schoevers RA. Treatment of depression with low-strength transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields: A mechanistic point of view. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 3;71:137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 21. PMID: 27449361.

Weiler EW, Brill K. Pulsed magnetic-field therapy: a new concept to treat tinnitus? Int Tinnitus J. 2005;11(1):58-62. PMID: 16419692.

Notched Music

Eggermont, J.J., & Roberts, L.E. (2012). The neuroscience of tinnitus: understanding abnormal and normal auditory perception. Front Syst. neurosci. 6:53.

Lugli, M., Romani, R., Ponzi, S., Bacciu, S., & Parmigiani, S. (2009). The windowed sound therapy: a new empirical approach for an effective personalized treatment of tinnitus. The international tinnitus journal, 15(1), 51-61.

Okamoto, H., Stracke, H., Stoll, W., & Pantev, C. (2010). Listening to tailor-made notched music reduces tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related auditory cortex activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(3), 1207-1210.

Pantev, C., Okamoto, H., & Teismann, H. (2012). Music-induced plasticity and lateral inhibition in the human auditory cortex as foundations for tonal tinnitus treatment. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 6(June), 50.

Pantev, C., Okamoto, H., & Teismann, H. (2012). Tinnitus: the dark side of the auditory cortex plasticity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1252(1), 253-8.

Pape, J., paraskevopoulos, E., Bruchmann, M., Wollbrink, A., Rudack, C., & Pantev, C.(2014). Playing and listening to tailor-made notched music: Cortical plasticity induced by unimodal and multimodal training in tinnitus patients. Neural Plasticity. 2014:516163.

Stein, A., Engell, A., Junghoefer, M., Wunderlich, R., Lau, P., Wollbrink, A., Rudack, C., Pantev, C.(2015). Inhibition-induced plasticity in tinnitus patients after repetitive exposure to tailor-made notched music. Clinical Neurophysiology, S1388-2457(14)00473-8.

Stein, A., Engell, A., Lau, P., Wunderlich., R., Junghoefer, M., Wollbrink, A., Bruchmann, M., Rudack, V., & Pantev, C. (2015). Enhancing inhibition-induced plasticity in tinnitus-spectral energy contrasts in tailor-made notched music matter. PLoS One. 10, e0126494.
Stein, A., Wunderlich, R., lau, P., Engell, A., Wollbrink, A., Shaykevich, A., Kuhn, J-T., Holling, H., Rudack, C., & Pantev, C., (2016). Clinical trial on tonal tinnitus with tailor-made notched music training. BMC Neurol. 16, 38.

Stracke, H., Okamoto, H., Pantev, C.(2010). Customized notched music training reduces tinnitus loudness. Communicative integrative biology, 3(3), 274-277.

Teismann, H., Okamoto, H., & Pantev, C.(2011). Short and intense tailor -made notched music training against tinnitus:the tinnitus frequency matters. PLoS One, 6(9), e24685.

Teismann, H., Wollbrick, A., Okamoto, H., Schlaug, G., Rudack, C., & Pantev, C.(2014). Combining transcranial direct current stimulation and tailor-made notched music training decrease tinnitus-related distress -a pilot study. PLoS One 9, e89904

Weisz, N.(2013). Aktuelle Trends aus der neurowissenschaftlichen Tinnitus-Forschung und deren klinische Implikationen. Tinnitus-Forum, 17(1), 18-21.

Weisz, N., & Langguth, B.(2010). [Cortical plasticity and changes in tinnitus: treatment options]. HNO, 58(10), 983-9

Willson, E., Schlaug, G., & Pantev, C.(2010). Listening to filtered music as a treatment option for tinnitus: A review. Music perception, 27(4), 327-330.

Wunderlich, R., Lau, P., Stein, A., Engell, A., Wollbrink, A., Rudack, C., & Pantev, C(2015). Impact of spectral Notch width on Neurophysiological Plasticity and Clinical Effectiveness of the Tailor-made Notched Music Training. PLoS One 10, e0138595.